How Do Sami People Practice Their Traditions?

Deep in the heart of Finnish Lapland, the Sami people, Europe’s only recognised indigenous group, have preserved their rich cultural heritage for centuries. Their traditions, deeply intertwined with nature, offer a unique glimpse into a way of life that has remained resilient and vibrant. At VALO Finland, we aim to provide our guests with an immersive experience into this fascinating culture. In this blog post, we will explore how the Sami people practice their traditions, from their clothing and handicrafts to their spirituality and reindeer herding.

An Overview of Sami Culture

The Sami people inhabit the northern regions of Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Russia. In Finland, the Sami population is concentrated in the northernmost part of Lapland, particularly in the municipalities of Inari, Utsjoki, Enontekiö, and northern Sodankylä. The Sami culture is distinct from that of ethnic Finns, with its own languages, traditions, and way of life.

There are three main Sami languages spoken in Finland: North Sami, Inari Sami, and Skolt Sami. These languages are so distinct that speakers of one may struggle to understand the others. The Sami languages are rich in vocabulary related to nature, reflecting the deep connection the Sami people have with their environment. For example, North Sami has nearly 200 words to describe snow.

The Sami culture is also characterised by its traditional livelihoods, which include reindeer herding, fishing, hunting, and handicrafts. These activities are not only economic pursuits but also vital in maintaining the Sami way of life and their connection to nature.

Traditional Sami Clothing and Handicrafts

Traditional Sami clothing, known as “gákti,” is both functional and symbolic. The gákti is typically made from wool, cotton, or silk and is adorned with intricate patterns and colours that often indicate the wearer’s family or region. The clothing is designed to withstand the harsh Arctic climate, providing warmth and protection.

Sami handicrafts, known as “duodji,” are an essential part of their cultural heritage. These crafts include items such as knives, wooden cups (kuksa), and woven textiles. Duodji is not only a means of artistic expression but also a way to pass down traditional knowledge and skills from one generation to the next. The materials used in duodji are often sourced from nature, such as reindeer antlers, birch bark, and wool.

Visitors to Lapland can explore Sami handicrafts at various cultural centres and museums, such as the Siida Sami Museum in Inari. These venues offer a deeper understanding of the craftsmanship and cultural significance behind each piece.

Sami Spirituality and Shamanism

Sami spirituality is deeply rooted in nature and animism, the belief that all natural objects and phenomena possess a spirit. This worldview is reflected in their traditional practices and rituals, which often involve offerings to nature spirits and ancestors.

Shamanism has historically played a significant role in Sami spirituality. The Sami shaman, known as a “noaidi,” acted as a mediator between the human and spirit worlds. Using a drum and chanting, the noaidi would enter a trance to seek guidance or healing from the spirits. While the practice of shamanism has declined over the years, its influence can still be seen in modern Sami spiritual practices.

Today, many Sami people practice Christianity, but elements of their traditional spirituality remain. For example, sacred sites known as “sieidi” are still visited for offerings and rituals. These sites are often natural formations such as rocks or trees that are believed to be inhabited by spirits.

Reindeer Herding: A Way of Life

Reindeer herding is perhaps the most iconic aspect of Sami culture. This traditional livelihood dates back to the Stone Age and remains a vital part of the Sami way of life. Reindeer herding is not only an economic activity but also a cultural practice that reinforces the Sami’s connection to nature and their ancestral lands.

The herding process involves seasonal migrations, where herders move their reindeer between winter and summer pastures. This practice requires extensive knowledge of the landscape, weather patterns, and reindeer behaviour. The herders use various tools and techniques, such as lassos and sleds, to manage their herds.

Visitors to Lapland can experience reindeer herding firsthand through guided tours and activities. These experiences offer a unique opportunity to learn about the herding process, interact with the reindeer, and gain insight into the challenges and rewards of this traditional livelihood.

Music and Storytelling in Sami Traditions

Music and storytelling are integral to Sami culture, serving as a means of preserving history, traditions, and values. One of the most distinctive forms of Sami music is the “joik,” a traditional form of singing that is often improvised and deeply personal. Each joik is unique and can be dedicated to a person, animal, or place, capturing its essence through melody and rhythm.

Storytelling is another important aspect of Sami culture. Oral traditions have been used for generations to pass down knowledge, myths, and legends. These stories often feature themes of nature, survival, and the supernatural, reflecting the Sami’s close relationship with their environment.

Today, Sami music and storytelling continue to thrive, with many artists and performers incorporating traditional elements into contemporary works. Festivals and cultural events provide platforms for these expressions, allowing both Sami and visitors to celebrate and appreciate this rich cultural heritage.

At VALO Finland, we believe that experiencing Sami culture is an essential part of any visit to Lapland. Our luxury villas provide the perfect base for exploring this unique region, and we can help organise guided tours and activities to ensure you have an unforgettable experience. Whether you’re interested in reindeer herding, traditional handicrafts, or Sami music, we are here to make your stay in Lapland truly special.

Discover the magic of Lapland and immerse yourself in the rich traditions of the Sami people with VALO Finland. Our commitment to excellence and innovation ensures that your holiday will be both luxurious and culturally enriching. Book your stay with us and embark on a journey into the heart of Sami culture.